Form III

سَافَرَ عَمِّي إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي الْأُسْبُوعِ الْمَاضِي.

sāfara ʿammī ilā makkata fi l-usbūʿi l-māḍī

My uncle travelled to Mecca last week.

يُسَاعِدُ الْمُسَافِرُونَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فِي الطَّرِيقِ.

yusāʿidu l-musāfirūna baʿḍuhum baʿḍan fi ṭ-ṭarīqi

The travellers help one another on the way.

بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا 'one another': the first بَعْض is nominative in apposition to the subject, the second is the object.

قَابَلْتُ صَدِيقِي فِي الْمَطَارِ.

qābaltu ṣadīqī fi l-maṭāri

I met my friend at the airport.

سَاعِدِ الْمُسَافِرَ الْعَجُوزَ يَا وَلَدُ!

sāʿidi l-musāfira l-ʿajūza yā waladu

Help the old traveller, boy!

Imperative سَاعِدْ; its sukūn becomes kasra before the article.

لَنْ نُغَادِرَ الْمِينَاءَ قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ.

lan nughādira l-mīnāʾa qabla ẓ-ẓuhri

We will not leave the port before noon.

Subjunctive after لَنْ: the final ḍamma of نُغَادِرُ becomes fatḥa, nothing else changes.

لَمْ يُشَاهِدِ الْأَوْلَادُ الْبَحْرَ قَبْلَ هٰذِهِ الرِّحْلَةِ.

lam yushāhidi l-awlādu l-baḥra qabla hādhihi r-riḥlati

The children had not seen the sea before this journey.

Jussive after لَمْ.

سَابَقَ الْوَلَدُ أَخَاهُ إِلَى الْقِطَارِ فَسَبَقَهُ.

sābaqa l-waladu akhāhu ila l-qiṭāri fa-sabaqahu

The boy raced his brother to the train and beat him.

سَابَقَ the attempt, سَبَقَ the result.

يُكَاتِبُ أَبِي صَدِيقًا لَهُ فِي بَغْدَادَ.

yukātibu abī ṣadīqan lahu fī baghdāda

My father corresponds with a friend of his in Baghdad.

رَافَقَ التَّاجِرُ الْحُجَّاجَ مِنَ الْمِينَاءِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ.

rāfaqa t-tājiru l-ḥujjāja mina l-mīnāʾi ila l-madīnati

The merchant accompanied the pilgrims from the port to Medina.

English says 'with'; Arabic takes a direct object.

شَارَكْتُ أَخِي فِي ثَمَنِ التَّذَاكِرِ.

shāraktu akhī fī thamani t-tadhākiri

I shared the price of the tickets with my brother.

جَاوَرَ بَيْتُنَا الْمَحَطَّةَ سَنَوَاتٍ طَوِيلَةً.

jāwara baytunā l-maḥaṭṭata sanawātin ṭawīlatan

Our house neighboured the station for long years.

حَاوَلَ السَّائِقُ أَنْ يَصِلَ قَبْلَ اللَّيْلِ.

ḥāwala s-sāʾiqu an yaṣila qabla l-layli

The driver tried to arrive before night.

حَاوَلَ 'to try' is the commonest Form III of attempt.

شُوهِدَ الْقِطَارُ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ.

shūhida l-qiṭāru min baʿīdin

The train was seen from afar.

قُوبِلَ الْحُجَّاجُ فِي الْمَطَارِ بِالتَّمْرِ وَالْمَاءِ.

qūbila l-ḥujjāju fi l-maṭāri bi-t-tamri wa-l-māʾi

The pilgrims were received at the airport with dates and water.

يُسَاعَدُ الْمُسَافِرُونَ الْمَرْضَى فِي كُلِّ مَحَطَّةٍ.

yusāʿadu l-musāfirūna l-marḍā fī kulli maḥaṭṭatin

Sick travellers are helped at every station.

اَلْمُسَافِرُونَ كَثِيرُونَ وَالْمَقَاعِدُ قَلِيلَةٌ.

al-musāfirūna kathīrūna wa-l-maqāʿidu qalīlatun

The travellers are many and the seats are few.

كَانَ مُرَافِقُ الْحُجَّاجِ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ.

kāna murāfiqu l-ḥujjāji rajulan min ahli makkata

The pilgrims' escort was a man from the people of Mecca.

شَكَرَ الْمُسَافِرُ الشُّرْطِيَّ عَلَى مُسَاعَدَتِهِ.

shakara l-musāfiru sh-shurṭiyya ʿalā musāʿadatihi

The traveller thanked the policeman for his help.

بَعْدَ مُقَابَلَةِ الْمُدِيرِ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْفُنْدُقِ.

baʿda muqābalati l-mudīri rajaʿtu ila l-funduqi

After meeting the manager I returned to the hotel.

فَازَ أَخِي فِي سِبَاقِ الْخَيْلِ.

fāza akhī fī sibāqi l-khayli

My brother won the horse race.

اَلدِّفَاعُ عَنِ الْوَطَنِ وَاجِبٌ.

ad-difāʿu ʿani l-waṭani wājibun

Defending the homeland is a duty.

The verbal noun keeps the verb's preposition: دَافَعَ عَنْ، دِفَاعٌ عَنْ.

مَوْعِدُ مُغَادَرَةِ الطَّائِرَةِ السَّاعَةُ الْخَامِسَةُ.

mawʿidu mughādarati ṭ-ṭāʾirati s-sāʿatu l-khāmisatu

The plane's departure time is five o'clock.