Rule 1: 1. Form II with a pronoun suffix and a second object
Because so many Form II verbs are causative, they often take two objects, and the first of them is very frequently a pronoun attached to the verb: عَلَّمَنِي الْمُعَلِّمُ الْقِرَاءَةَ the teacher taught me reading. The suffixes are the ones you know from nouns, except that me is ـنِي, not ـِي. The suffix sits on the verb before the subject, and the second object follows in the accusative. The same happens with حَدَّثَ to tell, whose second object is introduced by عَنْ: حَدَّثَنَا عَنْ رِحْلَتِهِ he told us about his journey.
حَفَّظَتْنَا الْمُعَلِّمَةُ سُورَةً قَصِيرَةً.
ḥaffaẓatna l-muʿallimatu sūratan qaṣīratan
The teacher (f.) made us memorise a short sura.
ـنَا 'us' is the first object, سُورَةً the second.
عَلَّمَهُمْ أَبُوهُمُ الْحِسَابَ فِي الْبَيْتِ.
ʿallamahum abūhumu l-ḥisāba fi l-bayti
Their father taught them arithmetic at home.
حَدَّثَنِي صَدِيقِي عَنْ مَدْرَسَتِهِ الْجَدِيدَةِ.
ḥaddathanī ṣadīqī ʿan madrasatihi l-jadīdati
My friend told me about his new school.
ـنِي 'me'; the thing told comes after عَنْ.
لَمْ يُفَهِّمْنَا أَحَدٌ هٰذِهِ الْقَاعِدَةَ قَبْلَ الْيَوْمِ.
lam yufahhimnā aḥadun hādhihi l-qāʿidata qabla l-yawmi
Nobody had explained this rule to us before today.
Jussive after لَمْ, suffix, then the second object.