Rule 1: 1. The personal letter
A personal letter opens with إِلَى + the addressee (إِلَى أُمِّي الْحَبِيبَةِ) or a vocative (عَزِيزِي …), often followed by a greeting (تَحِيَّةً طَيِّبَةً، وَبَعْدُ). It closes with the relationship and the name (اِبْنُكِ يُوسُفُ) or with الْمُخْلِصُ 'yours sincerely'. The vocabulary of the post: ظَرْفٌ envelope, سَاعِي الْبَرِيدِ postman, سَلَّمَ بِالْيَدِ to deliver by hand, دَفْتَرٌ register.
إِلَى أُمِّي الْحَبِيبَةِ، تَحِيَّةً طَيِّبَةً، وَبَعْدُ:
ilā ummi l-ḥabībati, taḥiyyatan ṭayyibatan, wa-baʿdu
To my dear mother, warm greetings; and now (to the matter):
أَكْتُبُ إِلَيْكِ هٰذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ عَلَى عَجَلٍ.
aktubu ilayki hādhihi l-kalimāti ʿalā ʿajalin
I am writing you these words in haste.
كَتَبَ الْمُوَظَّفُ فِي الدَّفْتَرِ: سُلِّمَتْ بِالْيَدِ.
kataba l-muwaẓẓafu fi d-daftari: sullimat bi-l-yadi
The clerk wrote in the register: delivered by hand.
وَضَعَ سَاعِي الْبَرِيدِ الظَّرْفَ تَحْتَ الْبَابِ.
waḍaʿa sāʿi l-barīdi ẓ-ẓarfa taḥta l-bābi
The postman put the envelope under the door.