Rule 1: 1. The Christian year and its two sets of month names
The solar year is called اَلسَّنَةُ الْمِيلَادِيَّةُ the year of the birth (of Christ), also اَلسَّنَةُ الْمَسِيحِيَّةُ or اَلسَّنَةُ الشَّمْسِيَّةُ. Its abbreviation after a date is م: سَنَةَ ٢٠٢٦م. In Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan and Iraq the months bear old Syriac names: كَانُونُ الثَّانِي, شُبَاطُ, آذَارُ … In Egypt, the Sudan, North Africa and the Gulf the European names are used: يَنَايِرُ, فِبْرَايِرُ, مَارِسُ … Newspapers often print both: فِي شَهْرِ أَيَّارَ (مَايُو). The Syriac names are foreign proper nouns and therefore diptotes: فِي آذَارَ, مِنْ تَمُّوزَ; the two-part names put the case ending on their first word, فِي تِشْرِينَ الْأَوَّلِ (diptote), مِنْ كَانُونِ الْأَوَّلِ, and الْأَوَّلِ / الثَّانِي agree with it. The Egyptian names are generally left unchanged.
تَبْدَأُ الْبُطُولَةُ فِي شَهْرِ آذَارَ وَتَنْتَهِي فِي أَيَّارَ.
tabdaʾu l-buṭūlatu fī shahri ādhāra wa-tantahī fī ayyāra
The championship begins in March and ends in May.
وُلِدَ أَخِي فِي الْعَاشِرِ مِنْ كَانُونِ الْأَوَّلِ سَنَةَ ٢٠١٠م.
wulida akhī fi l-ʿāshiri min kānūni l-awwali sanata alfayni wa-ʿasharatin mīlādiyyatan
My brother was born on the tenth of December 2010.
كَانُونُ declines; م is read مِيلَادِيَّة.
يَكْتُبُ الْمِصْرِيُّونَ: فِي ١٥ يُولِيُو، وَيَكْتُبُ السُّورِيُّونَ: فِي ١٥ تَمُّوزَ.
yaktubu l-miṣriyyūna: fī khamsata ʿashara yūliyū, wa-yaktubu s-sūriyyūna: fī khamsata ʿashara tammūza
Egyptians write: on 15 July (yūliyū), and Syrians write: on 15 July (tammūz).
تُجْرَى مُبَارَاةُ السِّبَاحَةِ فِي أَوَاخِرِ شَهْرِ حَزِيرَانَ (يُونِيُو).
tujrā mubārātu s-sibāḥati fī awākhiri shahri ḥazīrāna (yūniyū)
The swimming match is held at the end of June.